hyperloop.Python.tube package

Submodules

hyperloop.Python.tube.propulsion_mechanics module

Estimate power requirements for prouplsion sections Many parameters are currently taken from hyperloop alpha Can currently be used for LSM or LIM systems

class hyperloop.Python.tube.propulsion_mechanics.PropulsionMechanics

Bases: openmdao.core.component.Component

Params:

p_tube : float

Pressure of air in tube. Default value is 100 Pa. Value will come from vacuum component

R : float

Ideal gas constant. Default valut is 287 J/(m*K).

T_ambient : float

Tunnel ambient temperature. Default value is 298 K.

g : float

Gravitational acceleration. Default value is 9.81 m/s**2

vf : float

Top pod speed after boosting section. Default value is 335 m/s. Value will be taken from aero module

vo : float

Speed of pod when it enters boosting section. Default value is 324 m/s.

m_pod : float

total mass of pod. Default value is 3100 kg. Value will come from weight component

eta : float

Efficiency of propulsion system. Default value is .8. value will come from propulsion module.

Cd : float

Drag coefficient of pod. Default value is .2. More accurate results will come from CFD

S : float

Reference area of the pod. Default value is 1.4 m**2. Value will be pulled from geometry module

D_mag : float

Drag force from magnetic levitation in N. Default value is 150 N. Value will come from levitation analysis

nozzle_thrust : float

Thrust produced by pod compressed air. Default value 21473.92 N. Will pull value from flow_path.py

ram_drag : float

Drag produced by inlet ram pressure. Default value is 7237.6

Returns:

pwr_req : float

Computes power required by accelerating segment

Notes

Calculate power required to accelerate pod in one boosting section assuming linear acceleration of 1g

solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)

Evaluate function Preq = (1/eta)*(mg*(1+sin(theta))*(vf-vo)+(1/6)*(Cd*rho*S*(vf^3 - vo^3))+D_mag*(vf-v0)) Can be optimized in the future. Friction and magnetic drag are neglected for now.

hyperloop.Python.tube.steady_state_vacuum module

hyperloop.Python.tube.submerged_tube module

class hyperloop.Python.tube.submerged_tube.SubmergedTube

Bases: openmdao.core.component.Component

Params:

p_tube : float

Tube pressure. Default valut is 850 Pa

A_tube : float

Cross sectional area of tube. Default valut is 30 m**2

Su : float

Ultimate strength pf tube material. Default valut is 400.0e6 Pa

SF : float

Tube safety factor. Default valut is 5.0

rho_water : float

Density of sea water. Default value is 1025.0e3 kg/m**3

depth : float

Depth of the tube. Default value is 10.0m

g : float

Gravitational acceleration. Default value is 9.81 m/s**2

Pa : float

Ambient pressure at sea level. Default value is 101.3e3 Pa

unit_cost_tube : float

Cost of tube materials per unit mass. Default value is .3307 USD/kg

Returns:

t : float

Returns tube thickness in m

dF_buoyancy : float

Returns buoyant force on tube per unit length in N/m

material cost : float

Returns material cost of tube per unit length in USD/m

m_prime : float

Returns mass of tube per unit length in kg/m

solve_nonlinear(p, u, r)

t = (p*r)/(Su/SF); p = pa + rho*g*h; F_buoyant/L = rho*A_tube*g

hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_and_pylon module

class hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_and_pylon.TubeAndPylon

Bases: openmdao.core.component.Component

Params:

tube_area : float

Inner tube radius. Default is 3.8013 m**2

rho_tube : float

Density of tube material. Default is 7820 kg/m**3

E_tube : float

Young’s modulus of tube material. Default value is 200e9 Pa

v_tube : float

Poisson’s ratio of tube material. Default value is .3

Su_tube : float

Ultimate strength of tube material. Default value is 152e6 Pa

sf : float

Tube safety factor. Default value is 1.5

g : float

Gravitational acceleration. Default value is 9.81 m/s**2

unit_cost_tube : float

Cost of tube material per unit mass. Default value is .33 USD/kg

p_tunnel : float

Pressure of air in tube. Default value is 850 Pa. Value will come from vacuum component

p_ambient : float

Pressure of atmosphere. Default value is 101.3e3 Pa.

alpha_tube : float

Coefficient of thermal expansion of tube material. Default value is 0.0

dT_tube : float

Difference in tunnel temperature as compared ot a reference temperature. Default value is 0.0

m_pod : float

total mass of pod. Default value is 3100 kg. Value will come from weight component

r : float

Radius of tube. Default value is 1.1 m. Value will come from aero module

t : float

Thickness of the tube. Default value is 50 mm. Value is optimized in problem driver.

rho_pylon : float

Density of pylon material. Default value is 2400 kg/m**3

E_pylon : float

Young’s modulus of pylon material. Default value is 41e9 Pa

v_pylon : float

Poisson’s ratio of pylon material. Default value is .2

Su_pylon : float

Ultimate strength of pylon material. Default value is 40e6 Pa

unit_cost_pylon : float

Cost of pylon material per unit mass. Default value is .05 USD/kg

h : float

Height of each pylon. Default value is 10 m.

r_pylon : float

Radius of each pylon. Default value is 1 m. Value will be optimized in problem driver

vac_weight : float

Total weight of vacuums. Default value is 1500.0 kg. Value will come from vacuum component

Returns:

m_pylon : float

mass of individual pylon in kg/pylon

m_prime: float

Calculates mass per unit length of tube in kg/m

von_mises : float

Von Mises stress in the tube in Pa

total_material_cost : float

returns total cost of tube and pylon materials per unit distance in USD/m

R : float

Returns vertical component of force on each pylon in N

delta : float

Maximum deflection of tube between pylons in m

dx : float

outputs distance in between pylons in m

t_crit :

Minimum tube thickness to satisfy vacuum tube buckling condition in m

Notes

[1] USA. NASA. Buckling of Thin-Walled Circular Cylinders. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 13 June 2016.

solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)

total material cost = ($/kg_tunnel)*m_prime + ($/kg_pylon)*m_pylon*(1/dx) m_prime = mass of tunnel per unit length = rho_tube*pi*((r+t)^2-r^2) m_pylon = mass of single pylon = rho_pylon*pi*(r_pylon^2)*h

Constraint equations derived from yield on buckling conditions

hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_group module

hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_power module

class hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_power.TubePower

Bases: openmdao.core.component.Component

Computes the total power requirement for all tube components: Vacuum, TubeAndPylon, PropulsionMechanics

Params:

vac_power : float

Power requirement to run vacuum pumps (kW)

vac_energy : float

Energy requirement to run vacuum pumps for 1 day (kJ)

prop_power : float

Power required to accelerate pod to 1G once (W)

num_thrust : float

Number of propulsion thrusts required for trip (unitless)

time_thrust : float

Time required to accelerate pod to 1G (s)

tube_temp : float

Tube temperature (K)

elec_price : float

Cost of electricity per kiloWatt-hour (USD/(kW*h))

Outputs:

tot_power : float

Total power requirement for tube components (kW)

tot_energy : float

Total energy requirement for tube components (kJ)

cost_pwr : float

Cost for tube power requirements (USD)

Notes

The national average for electricity runs $.13 cents per kilowatt hour. Power requirement to cool the tube is not currently calculated in this component. Params to calculate that power in the future are commented out for the meantime.

References

[1] Laughlin, Robert B., Prof. “Energy Information Administration - Electricity Price.” EIA. Stanford University, 30 Dec. 2008. Web. 24 June 2016. <http://large.stanford.edu/publications/power/references/voltprice/> Umrath, Walter, Dr. Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology. N.p.: Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum, n.d. Print.

TODO: add in calculations for refrigeration power requirement?

solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)

hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_vacuum module

Current calculation to determine total number of vacuum pumps needed and their respective cost per year. The National average for Electricity runs $.13 cents per kilowatt hour.

class hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_vacuum.Vacuum

Bases: openmdao.core.component.Component

Params:

pressure_initial : float

initial Pressure before the pump down . Default value is 760.2.

pressure_final : float

Desired pressure within tube. Default value is 7.0.

speed : float

Pumping speed. Default value is 163333.3.

tube_area : float

Area of the tube. Default value is 5.0.

tube_length : float

Length of the tube. Default value is 5000.0.

pwr : float

Motor rating. Default value is 18.5.

electricity_price : float

Cost of electricity per kilowatt hour. Default value is 0.13.

time_down : float

Desired pump down time. Default value is 300.0.

gamma : float

Operational percentage of the pump per day. Default value is 0.8.

pump_weight : float

Weight of one pump. Default value is 715.0.

Returns:

number_pumps : float

Number of pumps. Default value is 1.0.

cost_annual : float

Total cost of pumps. The cost of purchasing the pumps and running them per year in USD.

weight_tot: float

Total weight of the pumps throughout the track in kg.

pwr_tot: float

Total power of the pumps in kW.

energy_tot: float

Total energy consumed by the pumps in one day in kJ.

References

[1] Laughlin, Robert B., Prof. “Energy Information Administration - Electricity Price.” EIA. Stanford University, 30 Dec. 2008. Web. 24 June 2016. <http://large.stanford.edu/publications/power/references/voltprice/> Umrath, Walter, Dr. Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology. N.p.: Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum, n.d. Print.

solve_nonlinear(params, unknowns, resids)

hyperloop.Python.tube.tube_wall_temp module

hyperloop.Python.tube.tunnel_cost module

Module contents